well known
英 /ˌwel ˈnəʊn/美 /ˌwel ˈnoʊn/
adj. 形容词短语
著名的;众所周知的;广为人知的
含义详解
well known 的核心含义是「被很多人知道或熟悉的」。它由两个义项构成:1)指人或事物因成就、特点而广为人知,带中性或褒义,如 a well-known scientist(著名科学家);2)指某事实、情况为公众所知晓,常带中性或略显负面,如 It is well known that he resigned.(众所周知他辞职了。)这两个义项之间是引申关系:本义侧重「知名度高」,引申义侧重「信息公开、不是秘密」。前者强调声誉,后者强调公开性。理解这一区分有助于避免误用:说某人 well known 通常指有名,说某事 well known 则常指不是秘密。
词根溯源
well 源自古英语 wel,意为「好地、充分地」;known 是 know 的过去分词,源自古英语 cnāwan,意为「知道、认识」。两者组合为复合形容词,字面即「被很好地知道的」,由此引申为「广为人知的」。构词逻辑是副词 well 修饰分词 known,表示程度充分。记忆时可联想:well(充分地)+ known(被知道)= 被充分知道 = 众所周知的。这种「副词+过去分词」的复合形容词在英语中很常见,如 well done、well written,可一并记忆。
常见语境
well known 在多种场景中使用。学术写作中常用于引出公认事实,如 It is well known that...,语气客观。商务邮件中用于介绍人物或公司,如 a well-known brand,语气中性偏正式。日常口语中可指有名的人或公开的秘密,如 Everyone knows him; he's well known around here.,语气随意。新闻报道中常用于描述公众人物或事件,如 a well-known politician,语气中立。法律文本中较少使用,若出现多指「众所周知」的事实,语气正式。文学作品中可用于刻画人物名声,如 a well-known face in the neighborhood,语气描述性。总体而言,该短语语域较广,从口语到正式书面均可用。
语法要点
well known 是形容词短语,通常作定语或表语。作定语时,若位于名词前,常带连字符,写作 well-known,如 a well-known author;作表语时不带连字符,如 The author is well known.。常见句型:1)主语 + be + well known + for + 名词/动名词,表示因……而著名,如 She is well known for her novels.;2)主语 + be + well known + as + 名词,表示作为……而知名,如 He is well known as a critic.;3)It is well known that + 从句,表示众所周知。易错点:不要混淆 for 和 as;for 后接原因或特点,as 后接身份或角色。另外,well known 前可加 very、quite 等副词修饰,如 very well known。
同义词区别
与 well known 意思相近的词有 famous、renowned、celebrated、notorious 等。famous 语气更强,指广为人知且常带褒义,如 a famous singer;well known 语气稍弱,仅指很多人知道,不一定著名。renowned 更正式,强调因优秀品质而闻名,如 a renowned expert。celebrated 强调因成就而受赞誉,如 a celebrated artist。notorious 则指因坏事而臭名昭著,带贬义,如 a notorious criminal。选择时需考虑语气和褒贬:一般知名度用 well known;强调著名用 famous;正式且褒义用 renowned;贬义用 notorious。
常见误区
well known 语域中性,可用于口语和书面语。褒贬色彩取决于语境:指人时通常中性或褒义,指事时可能中性或略带负面(如众所周知的问题)。常见误用包括:1)作定语时忘记连字符,如 a well known author 应写为 a well-known author;2)混淆 for 和 as,如 He is well known as his novels 错误,应为 for his novels;3)过度使用 It is well known that... 可能显得陈词滥调,学术写作中可换用 It is widely acknowledged that... 等。此外,well known 不用于比较级或最高级,如不能说 more well known,应说 better known。
高频搭配
| well-known fact | 众所周知的事实 |
| well-known author | 著名作家 |
| well-known brand | 知名品牌 |
| well known for | 因……而著名 |
| well known as | 作为……而知名 |
| it is well known that | 众所周知 |
| become well known | 变得有名 |
| well known to | 为……所熟知 |
句子示例
| She is a well-known scientist in the field of genetics. | 她是遗传学领域的著名科学家。 |
| It is well known that exercise is good for health. | 众所周知,运动有益健康。 |
| The restaurant is well known for its seafood. | 这家餐厅以海鲜闻名。 |
| He is well known as a generous philanthropist. | 他作为慷慨的慈善家而广为人知。 |
| The company is well known in the tech industry. | 这家公司在科技行业很有名。 |
| It's well known around here that they are dating. | 在这附近,大家都知道他们在约会。 |