put off
英 /pʊt ɒf/美 /pʊt ɔf/
v. 动词(及物)
推迟;使反感;使分心;关掉
含义详解
put off 的本义是“把……放到一边”,由此引申出“推迟”的含义,即把原定的事情放到以后处理。例如:They put off the meeting until Friday.(他们把会议推迟到周五。)进一步引申,当一个人或事物让你“推迟”对其的接纳或兴趣时,就产生了“使反感、使倒胃口”的意思,例如:His arrogant attitude put me off.(他傲慢的态度让我反感。)此外,put off 还可表示“使分心、使脱离专注”,如:The noise put me off my work.(噪音让我没法专心工作。)在航海或机械语境中,put off 也可指“离岸”或“关掉(灯光、设备)”,但后者多用于英式英语,如:Put off the light before you leave.(离开前关灯。)
词根溯源
put 源自古英语 potian(推、放),off 源自古英语 of(离开)。两者组合字面义为“放到一边”,由此自然引申出“推迟”和“使离开(兴趣)”等义。记忆时可联想“把东西推到远处”,一是时间上推远(推迟),二是情感上推远(反感)。
常见语境
put off 在口语和书面语中均常见。日常口语中多用于“推迟”或“使反感”,语气随意,如:I keep putting off my homework.(我老拖着不做作业。)商务邮件中用于正式地通知延期,如:We have to put off the launch due to technical issues.(由于技术问题,我们不得不推迟发布。)新闻报道中常出现,如:The game was put off because of rain.(比赛因雨延期。)文学作品中也用以描写人物的心理或行为,如:She was put off by his crude jokes.(他粗俗的玩笑让她反感。)在学术写作中较少用,更常用 postpone 或 delay。
语法要点
put off 是及物动词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词。常见句型:put off + 名词/代词,如:Don't put off the decision.(别拖延决定。)put off + doing sth.,如:He put off going to the dentist.(他推迟去看牙医。)注意:代词必须放在中间,如:put it off,不能说 put off it。另外,put off 用于被动语态时,如:The meeting was put off.(会议被推迟了。)易错点:不要与 put on(穿上)混淆。
同义词区别
与 put off 近义的词有 postpone、delay、procrastinate、defer。postpone 最正式,常指有计划地延期到明确时间,如:The concert was postponed to next week. delay 强调因故受阻而延误,可能是无意的,如:The flight was delayed by fog. procrastinate 指故意拖延,含贬义,如:Stop procrastinating and start working. defer 更正式,常用于官方或法律语境,如:The decision was deferred to the committee. put off 则最口语化,适用范围广。
常见误区
put off 语域中性偏口语,正式写作中建议用 postpone 或 delay。表示“使反感”时,语气较强,可能显得主观,需注意语境。常见误用包括:将其与“put on”混淆,或把代词放在 off 之后。另外,put off 作“关掉”讲时,在美式英语中不常用,美式英语多用 turn off。
高频搭配
| put off doing sth. | 推迟做某事 |
| put off a decision | 推迟决定 |
| put off a meeting/appointment | 推迟会议/约会 |
| put off the light/TV | 关灯/电视 |
| be put off by sth. | 被某事弄得反感 |
| put off indefinitely | 无限期推迟 |
| put off until later | 推迟到以后 |
句子示例
| I always put off doing my taxes until the last minute. | 我总是把报税拖到最后一刻。 |
| The meeting was put off until next Tuesday. | 会议推迟到下周二。 |
| His bad breath really put me off. | 他的口臭真让我反感。 |
| The noise outside put me off my reading. | 外面的噪音让我无法专心阅读。 |
| Could you put off the light? It's too bright. | 你能把灯关掉吗?太亮了。 |
| Don't let setbacks put you off your goal. | 别让挫折使你偏离目标。 |