play off against
英 /pleɪ ɒf əˈɡɛnst/美 /pleɪ ɒf əˈɡɛnst/
v. 动词(短语)
挑拨离间,使对立;利用(一方)对付(另一方)
含义详解
本义源于游戏或竞赛中,将一方与另一方进行对抗性安排,如“play one team off against another”(让一队与另一队比赛)。引申为在人际或政治策略中,故意挑动两方对立,以便自己从中获利或控制局面。核心是“利用矛盾,坐收渔利”。该短语通常带有贬义,指操纵者不直接参与冲突,而是让其他双方消耗。
词根溯源
该短语由“play”(玩,进行游戏)和“off against”(使对抗)构成。“off”在此表示分离或对抗,而“against”表示对立。整体构词逻辑是“让A与B玩对抗游戏”,即挑动A和B竞争。记忆时可联想棋类游戏,玩家操控棋子互相攻击,而操控者自己保持超然。
常见语境
常见于政治评论、商业谈判、职场斗争和日常对话。在政治和新闻报道中,用于描述国家或团体利用对手之间的矛盾,如“play off rival factions”(利用敌对派系)。在商务场合,指在谈判中利用多个供应商压价,如“play off two suppliers against each other”。日常对话中,多指朋友间挑拨,语气较负面。学术写作中较少使用,若用则偏向批判性分析。
语法要点
及物动词短语,宾语通常为人或团体,后接“against”再加另一宾语。常见句型:“play A off against B”。该短语可拆分,如“play the two candidates off against each other”。注意“off”与“against”不可省略。被动语态可用,如“be played off against”。易错点:误将“off”写作“of”,或漏掉“against”。
同义词区别
与“set against”相似,但“set against”更强调直接对立,无操纵意味。与“pit against”相近,但“pit against”更常用于公开竞争,而“play off against”强调暗中操纵。“divide and conquer”是策略名称,而“play off against”是具体动作。使用“play off against”时,隐含说话者对操纵者的批判,而“pit against”则中性。
常见误区
语域中性偏口语,但在正式书面语中也可使用。通常带贬义,暗示操纵者不道德。避免用于正面语境。常见误用:将其与“play off”混淆(后者意为“平局后加赛”)。注意“against”后必须跟名词或代词,不可直接跟动词。
高频搭配
| play A off against B | 使A与B对立 |
| play off against each other | 使彼此对立 |
| play off against rival | 利用竞争对手 |
| play off against one another | 使相互争斗 |
| play off against the other party | 利用另一方 |
| be played off against | 被用来对抗 |
句子示例
| The manager played off the two employees against each other to get them to work harder. | 经理挑拨两位员工对立,以促使他们更努力地工作。 |
| In the negotiation, she played off the two bidders against each other to get a better price. | 谈判中,她利用两个竞标者互相压价,以获得更优惠的价格。 |
| The politician played off different ethnic groups against one another to maintain power. | 这位政客挑动不同族群对立,以维持权力。 |
| Don't let them play you off against your colleagues; it's a common office tactic. | 别让他们挑拨你和同事的关系;这是一种常见的办公室手段。 |
| The coach played off the two strikers against each other for the starting position. | 教练让两名前锋竞争首发位置,以激发他们的表现。 |